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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter flavor, and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee, making up 75% of all global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee is affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized after eating fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are able to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters insist on finding their arabica beans in a sustainable manner, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that work well with a wide range of methods of brewing. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee and is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean grown in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica, and can thrive in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective crop to cultivate.

Although it might seem odd Robusta beans are typically combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag it's likely there's some robusta too.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans london beans to lower costs and maintain the quality. To maintain the quality of the flavor, it's important to select a premium beans from a source you are confident in. This can be accomplished by buying your beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other types of coffee beans. They have a scent that is floral, fruity and smoky. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to add a more intense, fuller flavor.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and tolerate hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. You can find the seeds online from a number of sources, however it's best to purchase them from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee are fertile, deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered a separate species but was re-classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans types (head to the Telegra site) beans are ovals that grow on large 20-30-foot coffee plants at medium altitudes. Their distinctive flavor is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for blends that are house-made. They have a milder scent and a lower caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta however they possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after kind of coffee beans to buy beans Excelsa beans aren't quite so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered an entirely different species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These buy coffee beans near me beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are often used to give blends additional body and a rich tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are renowned for their more sweetness. They thrive at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They have a slight acidity. If brewed correctly and roast, they can have notes of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and accounts for around 40 percent of the world's beans. These beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy and woody taste.

After having learned about the four most popular varieties of brew, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you want a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.